You send a document, correct it in OneDrive and assume the recipient will see the correction. That depends on what you sent. An ordinary attachment is an independent copy; a cloud link points to the online file, subject to its access permissions.
Decide what the recipient needs
For a fixed handover, attach the version you have checked. For ongoing work, a link can keep collaborators on the same document. Outlook offers both approaches, but the controls differ between new Outlook, classic Outlook and the web version. Inspect the file's options in the draft rather than relying on the paperclip icon.
Suppose you send a packing list for Tuesday's shipment and later add items for Wednesday. Someone working from Tuesday's attached copy will not receive those additions automatically. Someone following a link may see the later document. State whether you are sending a dated snapshot or a working file so the recipient knows what to expect.
Check the inserted item before sending
If it is a copy, open the attachment and inspect its contents and revision. A suggested recent file or a similarly named download may not be the one you intended.
If it is a link, review who can open it and whether they can edit. Your own access does not prove that a recipient outside your organization has access. Where a check is needed, use a harmless test file with the intended collaborator and the intended permissions; do not broaden access to a private document just to make a test pass.
After sending, changing the online original does not update a delivered attachment. Likewise, changing link permissions does not remove copies someone has already downloaded. Keep those separate outcomes in mind when deciding how to hand over the file.